Drawing from the Crowd: A Citizen Science Platform for Mapping Ukiyo-e Cultural Geography

Where art history meets citizen science—and everyone can contribute

Welcome! Whether you're an art enthusiast, a Japan lover, or simply curious about historical landscapes, we're glad you're here. Our project brings together people from around the world to explore how Edo-period artists depicted Japan's famous places—and you can be part of it.

Drawing from the Crowd began as a research initiative funded by The Nippon Foundation's Social Innovators Collaboration (NSIC), developed with the University of Zurich's Chair of East Asian Art History. The platform launched in October 2025, and our growing community of citizen scientists is now helping to reveal how historic prints (ukiyo-e) positioned viewers to experience Japan's landscapes.

By matching depicted landscapes with modern topography, we deepen our understanding of Japan's historical geography while highlighting the importance of cultural preservation. Every contribution—yours included—helps scholars refine our understanding of spatial representation in early modern Japanese visual culture.

About the Project

How did Edo-period artists position viewers to experience Japan's famous landscapes? That's the question at the heart of Drawing from the Crowd—and we're inviting curious minds from around the world to help us find the answer.

The Project

"Drawing from the Crowd: A Citizen Science Platform for Mapping Ukiyo-e Cultural Geography" began as one of five projects selected for the 2024 Nippon Social Innovator's Collaboration (NSIC), funded by The Nippon Foundation. As the funder's stipulation was to create a socially impactful project with other scholarship alumni, this not only led to the project, but to an incredibly fruitful meeting of minds from interdisciplinary fields. Building on this foundation, we secured implementation funding through a Career Grant from the Graduate Campus at the University of Zurich.

The platform launched publicly in October 2025, and we began citizen science outreach in December 2025. We are now actively building our community of contributors while expanding our print collection through partnerships with institutions worldwide.

Goals

  • Build Community through Citizen Science: Foster appreciation for Japanese cultural heritage and awareness of historical landscapes at local and international levels.
  • Grow Knowledge Among Project Members: Enhance expertise in interdisciplinary, multilingual research at the intersection of art history and digital humanities.
  • Advance Print Scholarship: Establish a methodology to assess how ukiyo-e prints encoded spatial relationships and positioned viewers to experience landscapes.

Our Mission

To create an engaging, accessible platform where anyone interested in Japanese landscapes and culture can contribute to scholarship. Through collaborative georeferencing, we aim to identify which elements of a print reflect actual topography and which stem from artistic conventions—features that often coexist within the same image.

Why does this matter? These prints aren't unbiased documents of the past—they're carefully crafted views shaped by artistic convention, market demand, and centuries of visual tradition. A single image might blend faithful topography with imaginative flourishes, or show a famous site from an angle no one could actually stand. By looking closely and pooling our observations, we start to see what earlier viewers took for granted. That's the real discovery: not just the places, but the ways of seeing them.

How You Can Contribute

We need your help to map Japan's historical landscapes! As a citizen scientist, you'll work with beautiful Edo-period prints and help us understand how artists depicted famous places. No prior experience or Japanese language skills required—just curiosity and attention to detail.

What you'll do:

  • Identify where you would stand to see the view depicted in a print
  • Match terrain contours in prints with modern-day topography using our interactive 3D tools
  • Document which prints engage with actual geography versus imaginary or composite landscapes

What you'll gain:

  • Learn about Japanese art history and geography
  • Contribute to real academic research
  • Join a global community of fellow enthusiasts
  • See your contributions acknowledged in research outputs

Each print takes just 15–30 minutes, and every contribution—even "unsuccessful" attempts—provides valuable data for our research.

Discover something interesting? If your contributions inspire a seminar paper, thesis, or research project, you're welcome to develop your insights further. We simply ask that you cite the project in your work.

Recommended citation:
Stephanie Santschi, Himanshu Panday, Hirohito Tsuji, and Drew Richardson, "Drawing from the Crowd: A Citizen Science Platform for Mapping Ukiyo-e Cultural Geography," ThePrintLab, accessed [date], https://landscapes.theprintlab.org.

Ready to start? Visit our Start Mapping guide →

Research Framework

Our project addresses two key questions:

  1. How can we collectively identify which print features reflect actual topography and which are rooted in visual conventions?
  2. What can this reveal about how Edo-period prints positioned their viewers to experience Japan's famous places (meisho)?

Platform Features

  • Bilingual interface (Japanese/English)
  • Interactive georeferencing tools comparing prints with 3D terrain models
  • Educational resources about spatial representation in Japanese visual culture
  • Community features for sharing discoveries and discussing findings
  • Step-by-step guides for participants of all backgrounds

Partners

Drawing from the Crowd is made possible through collaboration with leading institutions in digital humanities and cultural heritage research.

Smapshot Lab (HEIG-VD, EPFL) — Our citizen science platform is built on Smapshot, a crowdsourcing tool developed by HEIG-VD that enables volunteers to locate historical images in a 3D virtual globe.

Art Research Center, Ritsumeikan University — The project is registered at the International Joint Digital Archiving Center for Japanese Art and Culture (ARC-iJAC), and we utilize their comprehensive Japanese Prints Portal Database.

Data Sources

Image and metadata: Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York), Art Research Center, Ritsumeikan University (Ukiyo-e Portal), Japan Search (National Diet Library, Taito City Lifelong Learning Center)

Terrain data: Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI)

Data enrichment: Wikidata and GeoHack Toolforge

Sustainability Goals

This project aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals:

SDG 4: Quality Education — Our platform makes academic research accessible to anyone with curiosity and an internet connection. Participants learn about Japanese art history, geography, and digital humanities while contributing to scholarship.

SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities — By georeferencing historical prints, we create a digital record of how landscapes were perceived centuries ago, revealing environmental changes and supporting cultural preservation.

Bridging the Digital Divide — In an age of rapid AI advancement, Drawing from the Crowd demonstrates how citizen-generated data can bridge the gap between humanity and its digital environment. Our participatory approach shows that meaningful contributions to knowledge don't require technical expertise—just careful observation and cultural curiosity.

Meet Our Team & Partners

Principal Investigator

Dr. Stephanie Santschi

Dr. Stephanie Santschi

Responsible for project conception, management, publishing, and networking; currently postdoctoral researcher at the Chair of East Asian Art History, Department of Art History, University of Zurich (specializing in Japanese art history).

She received her PhD from the University of Zurich (2023), and holds an MA Museum Studies from the University of East Anglia (2016). Her research interests include art history and digital humanities, particularly the representation of Japanese geography in early modern reproductive visual culture. She also supports citizen science as a research methodology in the humanities.

[email protected]

"We see this research community as a way to connect academic research with the general public. Please contact us with any inquiries or suggestions about participation."

Team

Dr. Drew Richardson

Team Collaborator

Instructor for Cowell College and the Department of History at the University of California Santa Cruz, serving as Director for Curriculum Development in the Okinawa Memories Initiative. Research examines media and place-making practices in native Japanese ethnography, folklore and monsters.

Himanshu Panday

Co-founder of Dignity in Difference, specializing in digital prototyping, coding, and AI-assisted workflows

PhD from Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur. Specializes in digital anthropology, particularly citizen science platform development.

"I'm interested in curating and exploring new algorithms for citizen science in this project."

Hirohito Tsuji

PhD Candidate, Networking, Background Research and Japanese Translations

PhD Candidate at the University of East Anglia specializing in the Imperial Family of Japan. Interests include Japanese history, culture, arts, geography and Japanese studies from the perspective of digital humanities.

[email protected]

Funding and Support

Prototype Development: Generously provided by The Nippon Foundation Scholars Association (TNFSA), an alumni network of Nippon Foundation Scholarship recipients.

Implementation Funding: Generously provided as a Career Grant for PI Santschi by the Graduate Campus at the University of Zurich.

We are deeply grateful for the support of both institutions.

Start Mapping

How to Participate

Watch this short tutorial to see the georeferencing process in action:

Three simple steps to contribute to our research!

1
SELECT

Choose a print from our collection

Step 1: Select a print from the collection
2
LOCATE

Identify where you would stand to see this view

Step 2: Indicate viewing direction on the map
3
ALIGN

Match the print with modern terrain

Step 3: Align matching points between print and 3D terrain

Want to see the full process? Check out our extended case study showing the research process step by step.

Your Contribution Matters!

✓ No Japanese language required

✓ No art history expertise needed

✓ 15–30 minutes per print

✓ Every attempt helps—even "failed" ones provide valuable data!

What You'll Need

  • Google Chrome or Microsoft Edge browser (Edge has been working well recently)
  • Tip: If you encounter errors, try clearing your browser cache
  • 15–30 minutes of your time
  • Curiosity about Japanese culture and landscapes
  • Optional: Create an account to track your contributions

Quality Assurance & Data Usage

How We Ensure Quality:

Every submission is reviewed by the project's Principal Investigator before being incorporated into the dataset. This verification process helps maintain research integrity while providing learning opportunities for contributors.

  • Verification may take some time—if your contribution doesn't appear immediately on the map, please be patient
  • If a submission needs correction, we'll share feedback via comments to support your learning
  • Even "unsuccessful" attempts provide valuable data about which prints are difficult to locate

By Contributing:

By submitting to the platform, you agree that your contributions and username may be used by the project for non-commercial and educational purposes, including research publications and educational materials.

Ready to Start?

Blog

Project updates and research insights

From Prototype to Platform: Our Journey So Far

December 2025 | By the Drawing from the Crowd Team

We're excited to launch the blog for Drawing from the Crowd! This space will share project updates, research insights, and stories from our growing community of citizen scientists.

Where It All Began

In August 2024, Drawing from the Crowd was selected as one of five projects for The Nippon Foundation's Social Innovators Collaboration (NSIC). This six-month grant enabled our interdisciplinary team—spanning digital anthropology, spatial history, and Japanese (art) history—to develop a prototype platform for georeferencing ukiyo-e prints.

The challenge we set ourselves was ambitious: could we adapt existing crowdsourcing technology, designed for historical photographs, to work with stylized Japanese woodblock prints? Unlike photographs, ukiyo-e prints encode space through cultural conventions—artists might move Mt. Fuji for better composition, elongate beaches for dramatic effect, or combine multiple viewpoints into a single image.

Building the Prototype (August 2024–January 2025)

Working with our technical partners at Smapshot Lab (HEIG-VD), we adapted their monoplotting technology for Japanese prints. We sourced images from the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Open Access collection and terrain data from Japan's Geospatial Information Authority. The PI's Postdoctoral Research at the University of Zurich's Chair of East Asian Art History provided the art historical expertise to understand how Edo-period prints encoded spatial relationships and positioned viewers.

Beta testing revealed something exciting: while foreground elements in prints are often manipulated for artistic effect, middle and background terrain maintains consistent relationships with actual geography. This means citizen scientists can successfully georeference prints by focusing on terrain contours rather than iconic features like Mt. Fuji.

Sharing Our Work

Throughout 2024–2025, PI Santschi, sometimes together with team members, presented Drawing from the Crowd at conferences and workshops across Europe, Japan, and online:

Late 2025 — Refining details:

  • Sept 2025: "Moving Mountains: Analyzing Spatial Narratives in Ukiyo-e through Citizen Science," International Symposium of the Nihon kinsei bungaku kai, University of Cambridge (UK)
  • Aug 2025: "Drawing from the Crowd," 19th Deutschsprachiger Japanologentag, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt (DE)
  • July 2025: "Reconstructing Japan's Scenic Past from Prints," ADHO Digital Humanities Conference (DH2025), with Himanshu Panday, Lisbon (PT)

Early 2025 — Spreading the word:

  • May 2025: "From Print to Place," The Digital Orientalist Virtual Conference, with Drew Richardson (online)
  • Feb 2025: Project report, Ritsumeikan ARC FY2024 Annual Report Meeting, Kyoto (JP)
  • Jan 2025: 9th Digital Humanities Research Meeting「浮世絵、市民科学、DH」, Hibiya Library, Tokyo (JP)
  • Jan 2025: Citizen Science Webinar, The Nippon Foundation Scholars Association, Tokyo (JP)

2024 — Conceiving the idea:

  • July 2024: "Viewed at a distance: geography in ukiyo-e prints," Charting the European D-SEA Conference, Max Planck / Staatsbibliothek Berlin (DE)

The response has been encouraging—scholars and non-specialists alike are excited about contributing to research that reveals how Edo-period prints positioned their viewers to experience landscapes.

Implementation Phase (August 2025–July 2026)

Drawing from the Crowd has secured implementation funding through a Career Grant from the Graduate Campus at the University of Zurich. This support allows us to move beyond the prototype stage and build a fully functional platform.

In the last couple of months, we have:

  • Launched the platform publicly in October 2025
  • Started Citizen Science outreach in December 2025

Going forward, we will:

  • Expand our print collection with data from additional institutional partners (especially ARC Ritsumeikan)
  • Refine the user interface based on feedback
  • Develop educational resources and community features

Join Us

Whether you're a specialist in Japanese art, a geography enthusiast, or simply someone who enjoys visual puzzles, we'd love your help in mapping the landscapes of ukiyo-e. Visit our Start Mapping page to learn how to participate, and follow this blog for updates on our progress.

Contact

We'd love to hear from you! Whether you're a first-time visitor, an experienced researcher, or somewhere in between—if you have questions about participating, suggestions for the project, or ideas for collaboration, please get in touch.

General Inquiries

[email protected]

Principal Investigator

Dr. Stephanie Santschi
Postdoctoral Fellow
University of Zurich (Switzerland)
Department of Art History: Chair of East Asian Art History

Follow the Project

Check our Blog for the latest updates and research insights.